| | Chris, you're a great man who deserves very much in this world -- I hope that you get better soon!
Just in case you might be interested, I have put together a short listing of some recent & relevant research on renal calculi (kidney stones) formation, and some novel options for prevention and treatment. You may decide to print off the following list, for instance -- and bring it to your doctor for comments/suggestions.
1) Massey L. Magnesium therapy for nephrolithiasis. Magnes Res. 2005 Jun;18(2):123-6.
"Another trial reported 391 mg (21 meq) Mg daily as a mixed salt, Mg potassium citrate, reduced calcium stone recurrence by 90%, similar to potassium citrate, but with better gastrointestinal tolerance."
" ... the addition of magnesium to potassium citrate therapy improves outcomes."
2) Pragasam V, Kalaiselvi P, Sumitra K, Srinivasan S, Varalakshmi P. Counteraction of oxalate induced nitrosative stress by supplementation of l-arginine, a potent antilithic agent. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Apr;354(1-2):159-66.
"l-arg feeding prevents the retention of calcium oxalate crystals in hyperoxaluric rats by way of protecting the renal cells from oxidative injury and also by providing a second line of defense through the normalization of the oxalate metabolism. It reduces the risk of stone formation, by curtailing free radicals and hyperoxaluria as both of them have to work in close association to form stones."
3) Goldfarb DS, Fischer ME, Keich Y, Goldberg J. A twin study of genetic and dietary influences on nephrolithiasis: a report from the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. Kidney Int. 2005 Mar;67(3):1053-61.
"Coffee, and perhaps tea, fruits, and vegetables were found to be protective for stone disease. This is the first twin study of kidney stones, and represents a new approach to elucidating the relative roles of genetic and environmental factors associated with stone formation."
4) Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in men: new insights after 14 years of follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Dec;15(12):3225-32.
"A total of 1473 incident symptomatic kidney stones were documented during 477,700 person-years of follow-up. For men aged <60 yr, the multivariate relative risk (RR) for stone formation in the highest quintile of dietary calcium as compared with the lowest quintile was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.87; P = 0.01 for trend). By contrast, there was no association between dietary calcium and stone formation in men aged 60 yr or older. The multivariate RR for men who consumed 1000 mg or greater of vitamin C per day compared with those who consumed less than the recommended dietary allowance of 90 mg/d was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.80; P = 0.01 for trend). Other dietary factors showed the following multivariate RR among men in the highest quintile of intake compared with those in the lowest: magnesium, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.89; P = 0.01 for trend); potassium, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.68; P < 0.001 for trend); and fluid, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.85; P < 0.001 for trend). Animal protein was associated with risk only in men with a body mass index <25 kg/m(2) (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.81; P = 0.03 for trend)."
5) Taylor EN, Curhan GC. Role of nutrition in the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones. Nephron Physiol. 2004;98(2):p55-63.
"Special attention is paid to the roles of dietary calcium, supplemental calcium, oxalate, phytate, and n-3 fatty acids. We offer dietary recommendations to individuals who have suffered from a calcium-containing kidney stone, and emphasize that a patient's 24-hour urine chemistries should be used to help guide dietary intervention."
6) Atmani F. Medical management of urolithiasis, what opportunity for phytotherapy? Front Biosci. 2003 May 1;8:s507-14.
"As far as urolithiasis is concerned, several herbal treatments seem to cure lithiasis patients. Nevertheless, the effectiveness and the mechanism by which these plants work has not been fully undertaken by using scientific and objective methods. Therefore, it is highly recommended to explore new drugs coming from medicinal plants to treat and prevent the formation of kidney stones. Ideally, conventional and phytotherapy should supplement one another and have all the need available for lithiasis patients."
Chris, these quotes were transferred from online abstracts. I plan on personally attaining the full-text articles within the next few days. If you are interested in what I'll be finding, feel free to contact me and let me know (in this thread, or by SOLOmail) -- and I will respond to share the findings with you.
Ed
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