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Post 60

Tuesday, May 4, 2004 - 1:08amSanction this postReply
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Craig,

In response to Mr. Barnes' last post, I was simply going to say "LOL", but I think you've said it better. Nice job.


Post 61

Tuesday, May 4, 2004 - 11:37amSanction this postReply
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Craig writes;
>There's a fundamental difference between using measures to prevent people from stealing, as in the examples you cite above, and then using theft, yourself, to take from others what they're not willing to pay for.

There is no fundamental difference at all. I am not willing to pay for "free-riders" yet they simply take my my defence contributions anyway. The difference is only that there is no excluding mechanism: no way of buying a "defence ticket"

>In the first case, the people who stow aboard ships and sneak into movies, are stealing from those who offer services. In the second case, when people are taxed to pay for services they have no desire to purchase, then those implementing the tax are stealing. You can't mix these two up.

No, *you've* got it mixed up. The "free-riders" are stealing, and the tax is a mechanism making them pay for the service they're using (the benefit of defence). And, contra Firehammer, they *are* using it and it *does* cost you.

Let's see - yet again - how they make you pay; how *their* choices determine *your* costs.

Let's take Regi's example, which I've already debunked, and take it further. Let's say the number of "free riders" goes from 3% to 6% - all voluntary decisions - though the outside threat level remains the same. As a payer you are now compelled to:

1) Increase your donations to cover the gap
2) Accept a commensurately lower level of defence

Either way, it costs you in money or security, and you have no choice in the matter. And remember, defence is primary. Without peace, there can be no other freedoms. So you're paying to secure the freedom of any number of people who should decide not to take this responsibility themselves. And - unless you've got a certain limit in mind - the free rider model shows you will potentially be paying to the limit you can afford.

>How are the free-riders the thieves, when they don't want the service you wish to force upon them? A sizeable portion of the people in Northern Ireland might welcome an invading force from the south, for example.

What kind of example is this? If they're backing enemy invasion - the maximum form of coercion - why are you so worried about their little taxes?

- Daniel





Post 62

Tuesday, May 4, 2004 - 11:46amSanction this postReply
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Craig writes:
>In this case, if you're demanding that individuals sacrifice their best decisions for the good of the majority, for the sake of 'defending society' from free-riders, then you're arguing for a utilitarian solution. I'm currently arguing against utilitarianism in another thread.

Craig, this is not a "greater good" argument, it's a "lesser evil" one.
And as I've pointed out in an earlier post (35), your argument is not anti-utiltiarian, but a kind of *mega* utilitarian one, where the many must be sacrificed for the few!

- Daniel

Post 63

Tuesday, May 4, 2004 - 11:58amSanction this postReply
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Daniel:

I am trying to understand this debate.

Are you saying there is no distinction between those who initiate the use of force (the invaders) and those who refuse to use retaliatory force (those who won't pay for defence against the invaders)?

Are you saying that a refusal to finance the use of retaliatory force means that one has forfeited the right to be free of initiated force (in the form of taxes)?

If I move into your neighborhood, is my right to be free from the initiation of force contingent on my willingness to help you defend your home?


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Post 64

Tuesday, May 4, 2004 - 3:14pmSanction this postReply
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Mr. Barnes writes:
Let's take Regi's example, which I've already debunked, and take it further. Let's say the number of "free riders" goes from 3% to 6% - all voluntary decisions - though the outside threat level remains the same. As a payer you are now compelled to:

1) Increase your donations to cover the gap
2) Accept a commensurately lower level of defence

This is true, but to claim that the conclusion that follows this is a right to kill anyone who disagrees with the enlightened views of the fatally conceited on how much defense is needed is false. And, yes, that is what is being advocated. I think I don't need as much defense as others say I do. I refuse to pay what they say I owe. They come to beat it out of me or haul me off to jail. I say, over my dead body and prepare to defend myself from their initiation of force. They shoot me.

To claim that the conclusion that follows is that the "free riding" will spiral out of control is false.

It is up to each person to decide how much defense he wants to pay for. Yes, everyone must take into account what others are doing and may do. No, this is not the magical excuse for statism that the socialists are grasping for.

If the "free rider problem" were not the fallacy that it is, there would be no volunteer fire departments. Hmm. There are thousands and thousands of volunteer fire departments all throughout the US. If the "free rider problem" were not a fallacy, there would be no Red Cross. Hmm, there is a Red Cross. If the "free rider problem" were not a fallacy, there would be no SoloHQ! What the hell are we posting on, and who wrote this software that all you free riders are posting on? Mr. Barnes, is it appropriate for someone to show up at your door with a baseball bat demanding that you pay your fair share?

Your socialist rationalizations are illogical and fly in the face of evidence. That you took them from an economics text that also proclaims the virtues of fiat currency, that "wars are good for the economy", and that government stealing and spending on worthless make-work projects at just the right time makes us all wealthier, is not convincing.

Nobody gives a rats ass about free riders except for socialists who want to justify coercion in the name of the greater good and the economists who succor them.

Post 65

Wednesday, May 5, 2004 - 4:14amSanction this postReply
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>>Mr. Barnes writes:
>>Let's take Regi's example, which I've already debunked, and take it further.Let's say the number of "free riders" goes from 3% to 6% - all voluntary decisions - though the outside threat level remains the same. As a payer you are now compelled to:
1) Increase your donations to cover the gap
2) Accept a commensurately lower level of defence

>Jeff writes:
>This is true...

Ah, excellent! Progress at last. Before we go further, let’s pause for a moment just to examine how far we have come.

For Jeff here admits my argument is true: that he is forced by “free-riders” to pay for their decisions, one way or another, and that those costs are real.

Regi jumped in with both feet to to disagree with me (and with Jeff, as it happens), and tried a little logical demonstration to prove that the problem didn’t even exist in the first place. Unfortunately, his “proof” only proved a rather eye-opening lack of both logic and a basic understanding of cost accounting on his part, and it was a moment’s work to debunk it. Neither he nor anyone else has risen to defend it, though of course they are welcome to. And as Regi seems perfectly sensible in other areas, I will take his denunciation of me personally in the Pickwickian spirit.

Unfortunately my little demonstration came too late for Andrew, who sincerely believed that Regi’s delightful howler proved that “it was not really a problem in the first place”. He will now have to take that back, I suppose.

So, after some fairly tough sledding, I believe the low foothills of Econ 101 are coming into view. Unless there are any more brilliant demonstrations of the problem’s allegedly illusory nature forthcoming, I think we may proceed to the political aspects of how deal with it.

Jeff continues:
>....but to claim that the conclusion that follows this is a right to kill anyone who disagrees with the enlightened views of the fatally conceited on how much defense is needed is false.

Who has made that claim? Me? Where? Seems totally hysterical, if you ask me.

>If the "free rider problem" were not the fallacy that it is, there would be no volunteer fire departments. Hmm. There are thousands and thousands of volunteer fire departments all throughout the US. If the "free rider problem" were not a fallacy, there would be no Red Cross. Hmm, there is a Red Cross. If the "free rider problem" were not a fallacy, there would be no SoloHQ!

Sigh. Ok, back up, we have to do a bit more Econ 101, and perhaps a little Politics 101 as we go. Class, a snap quiz: who can tell me the differences between:
1) Volunteer fire brigades and the Red Cross
2) SoloHQ
3) The government

- Daniel


Post 66

Wednesday, May 5, 2004 - 5:21amSanction this postReply
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>Michael writes:
>I am trying to understand this debate.

>Are you saying there is no distinction between those who initiate the use of force (the invaders) and those who refuse to use retaliatory force (those who won't pay for defence against the invaders)?

Are you referring to Craig's Irish example? Best leave it, it is not a good one. This is the broad argument:

My argument against a voluntary defence force has two strands. Both are aimed at minimising coercion and can be summarised as follows:
1)A voluntary system of defence will create "free-riders", because if some people decide not to pay they still get all the benefit of defense. (or as economists say, they cannot be "excluded" from it).
I argue that this is a form of theft, as you have no say in their decisions, yet it costs you(as the simple models in posts above show). It is just as if you paid an electricity company for the costs of supplying you water, while others were able to plug in for free. The company has costs of generation for those people which, sadly, it can only pass on to you. You have no say in how many people you get to pay for - it's their decision - nor how much they use. You just sigh and suck it in. Yet it is just as much theft as if they took the money from your bank account. Thus it justifies a coercive response (a compulsory tax), just as the power company would force the "free-pluggers" to pay for the benefit of the service. (BTW it is far easier to create excludability in electricity than in defense)

2) The "free-rider" problem greatly weakens the defense system, as defence is expensive, and therefore incentives not to pay are considerable. This results in ever more "free-riding", and a fundamentally unstable defence system. The upshot of this is that may result in even two greater coercions: an enemy invasion, and possibly a draft to prevent it. (They say even Von Mises himself favoured a draft with the enemy at the gates!).

Now, the main lines of argument against 1) has been
a) The "free-rider" problem doesn't exist in the first place
b) It doesn't matter anyway, we should just pay up
Attempts to demonstrate a) so far have been debunked. b) is a matter of personal choice, and unlike Jeff et al I don't want to fund any number of "free-riders" out of the goodness of my heart ( I'm not that keen on compulsory giving, and want to keep it to a minimum). So why should I? So these two are both clearly false.

Critics of this position have a slightly stronger case in attacking 2) in that, contrary to common sense, and the incentives of economics, people may indeed choose not to "free-ride". To this end they have offered a number of examples (volunteer fire brigades, SoloHQ etc) which are erroneous. I am currently leaving them to figure out why for themselves before I tell them. Other than that, their case seems to rest on the old GK Chesterton adage that their idea, like Christianity, could not be said to have failed because it had never been tried. As peace is primary to the existence of all other freedoms, rather too much rests on what looks to me like merely wishful thinking.

>If I move into your neighborhood, is my right to be free from the initiation of force contingent on my willingness to help you defend your home?

No, that's not really it. The issue is that I can't help but pay for your defence if you choose not too.

I think perhaps the deep fallacy rests here: "my right to be free from the initiation of force".

As I explained to Craig, there is *no position* where you can be entirely "free" from coercion. This is because coercion can come from an outside force that you have no control over - an invading army. This invasion would be a *maximum* coercion. Therefore if a minimum coercion (a compulsory tax) is necessary to ensure stable defence - because this will best prevent maximum coercion - it is justified.

And no, this is not a "greater good" argument, but a "lesser evil" one, so it avoids the problems of typical utilitarianism. (It also has no "perfect world" assumptions)

- Daniel














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Post 67

Wednesday, May 5, 2004 - 4:09pmSanction this postReply
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A little recap of Mr. Barnes:

Post 15:
"The question of a volunteer army is closely related to the question of how it should be paid for: by voluntary or compulsory means."
[Explanation of his fallacy based on a malevolent view of humanity and a false equivocation between money and interest]
"See what I mean? This is why such systems became compulsory in the first place."

Post 20:
"But *very bad* as the draft is, we can lessen the possibility of this too by ensuring our army is as reliably and well funded as we can." (by "reliably and well funded" we can only assume he means by forced extortions, since he is attacking the notion of voluntary funding, and force is the only alternative)

"So the problem is really a choice between varying evils" (he admits that his proposal is evil)

Post 23:
"So this system is actually the *minimum coercive* model, designed to keep out *maximum coercion* as effectively as possible." (He again states that his counter-proposal to voluntary funding of the military is coercive.)

Post 32:
"Finally, in what way would putting up with all this [the effects of voluntary funding of the military] *not* be a form of altruistic self-sacrifice on your part?" (He calls individuals paying only for what they want of their own free will rather than being forced to pay for what others think they should pay for "altruistic self-sacrifice"!)

Post 49:
">From my perspective, force is not an option.
From my perspective, the problem is that it's not your call to make. Force can be exercised against you by a foreign country whether you like it or not. So there is no "force is not an option" scenario to appeal to in the first place.
That's why we must accept the fact of coercion at the outset; and why the problem is more accurately put as "How can we best *minimise* coercion?"
" (In other words, because a foreign country may initiate force, not initiating force at home is not an option.  It is up to the fatally conceited like Mr. Barnes to initiate force against the rest of us for our own good.)

Post 54:
"Is that what they do in the States? Shoot people who don't pay their defence taxes? They don't do that here in New Zealand."  (So what do they do with people who don't pay their taxes and won't go quietly when the police come to arrest them?  If a person under arrest brandishes a gun and says that they will not go willingly to prison, your police are not authorized to shoot?  That sounds absurd.  Maybe someone from NZ can enlighten Mr. Barnes about his own country if what he says is wrong.  There are many levels of force.  Those doing the forcing would like to pretend that they're only firmly guiding, but ultimately, if those who would use their own reason rather than be told what to do stand up for themselves, it is an issue of life and death.  The evasion of this fact is central to the fatal conceit of those like Mr. Barnes who would design society for us.)

Post 58:
"Regi, what on earth are you talking about? Do you not understand that excluding "free-riders" is not some statist invention but the basis of *all commerce*??"  (And this guy wants to teach econ 101!!!)
[Explains the free rider fallacy again]
"No, I don't like people stealing from me just because it's too difficult to police."  (Aha, by equivocating not paying for what you don't want with stealing, Mr. Barnes now makes "free riding" into an initiation of force, thereby justifying his now supposed retaliatory force in forcing people to pay their taxes or be hauled off to prison or shot.  It was a nice try, but we're not buying it.)

Post 61:
"No, *you've* got it mixed up. The "free-riders" are stealing, and the tax is a mechanism making them pay for the service they're using (the benefit of defence)."  (Same thing, people who would otherwise "free ride" must be taxed.  And Objectivists consider all taxation to be coercion.  This is an Objectivist site, by the way.  Thus, "free riders" imply the need for coercion.

Post 66:
"My argument against a voluntary defence force has two strands. Both are aimed at minimising coercion... Thus it justifies a coercive response (a compulsory tax)"
"I think perhaps the deep fallacy rests here: "my right to be free from the initiation of force"."

Post 65:
"Jeff continues:
>....but to claim that the conclusion that follows this is a right to kill anyone who disagrees with the enlightened views of the fatally conceited on how much defense is needed is false.

Who has made that claim? Me? Where? Seems totally hysterical, if you ask me."


Who has made that claim?  Let me see... That would be Mr. Barnes in posts 15, 20, 23, 49, 58, 61, and 66.  The power to tax can not be distinguished from the power to destroy, no matter how much any resident socialist may want to evade and make that distinction.

So basically the socialist has said that voluntary financing of government will never work, because jealous people like him will refuse to pay for what's a value because they can't stand that other people don't value the same thing enough to pay as much as he thinks they should.  He says that it is in everyone's rational self-interest to not pay for defense unless forced to, which leads to invasion.  Therefore, supposedly, it is in the rational self-interest of everyone to force everyone to pay for things they may or may not want so we won't be invaded, for some people may want a very minimal level of defense, consisting of widespread gun ownership and local militia's with rifles, others may want defense that consists of a more organized professional army, others may want defense that includes a navy or an air force, and yet others may want a much larger defense that includes such things as preemptive ability, the ability to mobilize quickly, satellite surveillance, Nuclear weapons, chemical weapons, or space-based weaponry.  Others may want no more defense than the gun in their own hand.  The socialist says, no, defense is a "social good", (remember "social" means the opposite of) that is shared by all and must be paid for by all.  Therefore, the fatally conceited, enlightened few must decide exactly what that "social good" should consist of and how much each person owes.  If they don't pay for what the fatally conceited have determined they are getting and will get, then they are stealing, and must be forced to pay or else be shot.

If and how much other people want to contribute to national defense is up to them.  Their choice is the given, and I have no right to force them to make another.  If I want to pay for more defense, then I will pay for more defense.  If I want to pay for less defense, then I will pay for less defense.  Such is as it should be, and such will not bring the end of the world at the hands of an invader.  The real-world provides so much counter-evidence to the free rider fallacy that there's no need to give further examples.


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Post 68

Wednesday, May 5, 2004 - 6:34pmSanction this postReply
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Craig, Michael, Jeff,

My argument against a voluntary defence force has two strands. Both are aimed at minimising coercion...

Your argument is still bunk. It is wrong from top to bottom.

From the beginning: A voluntary system of defence will create "free-riders"
 
Without granting there really is such a thing as a "free-rider," no system creates any kind of people. People remain volitional beings under any system. So, you are wrong immediately because you assume you already know what people will choose. 
 
because if some people decide not to pay they still get all the benefit of defense. (or as economists say, they cannot be "excluded" from it).
 
Now its "if some people" decide, which means you really do not know what they will decide. And just what are those "benefits of defense" they get. Do they get them even if they do not want them? What kind of "benefit" is it, if it is something one does not even want? ...or are you the ultimate authority that decides what is a benefit to others, and what isn't?

I argue that this is a form of theft,
 
Theft is expropriating someone else's property against their will. It is usually done by stealth, deception, or threat of  force. Since those who are "benefitting" are benefitting against their will, because they haven't chosen the benefit, they are the victims of force, not the ones supplying it. They can hardly be called thieves. If I hold a gun to your head and force you to take my money, can I have you prosecuted?

as you have no say in their decisions,
 
Nor do they have any say in yours.

yet it costs you(as the simple models in posts above show).
 
What costs me? My voluntary contribution? But if it is voluntary, I apparently believe what I'm getting for my money is worth it (or I am a fool). The contribution is voluntary isn't it? You did say, "if some people decide not to pay," meaning people must be free to decide if they pay or not.

And what does this cost have to do with the individual who is forced to benefit from whatever it is I willingly paid for anyway. If the guy dies, and is no longer able to enjoy the benefit, will it cost me any less?

It is just as if you paid an electricity company for the costs of supplying you water, while others were able to plug in for free.
 
The whole phoney concept of the "free-rider" is impossible outside the context of a coercive government. It was invented is an excuse for broadening the power of government, by statist/collectivist philosophers and economists. Your example perfectly illustrates the flaw. Except under socialist and fascist regimes, no one gets water or electricity for "free" from a "company" that others have to pay to get, because no company in a capitalist society would allow anyone to "plug in for free," and no one would pay that company if it meant subsidizing other's free use of the product or services.

The company has costs of generation for those people which, sadly, it can only pass on to you. You have no say in how many people you get to pay for - it's their decision
 
Whose decision. It would be nice if you made the antecedents of your pronouns explicit. If you mean the individuals using the resources decide, than payment must be voluntary, and they do not have to pay if they choose not to. Theft only involves the involuntary loss of property or value. If you mean the company decides, you are talking about a fascist/socialist system. All government confiscation of funds is definitely theft, whatever they do with it.
 
- nor how much they use. You just sigh and suck it in. Yet it is just as much theft as if they took the money from your bank account.
 
Yes, if it the socialistic kind of government you are evidently advocating.

Thus it justifies a coercive response (a compulsory tax)
 
So your solution to the so-called "free-rider" problem is force everyone to pay for services or goods whether they want them or not.
 
just as the power company would force the "free-pluggers" to pay for the benefit of the service.
 
A power company does not force anyone to pay for anything. Only a statist would think like that. A power company has a product to offer, but does not force anyone to purchase it. Those who would like that product are free to pay for it if they choose. Those who do not want the product (maybe they generate their own electricity) simply do not pay for it. The power company delivers their product to anyone who chooses to pay for it. No one is forced to do anything.
 
(BTW it is far easier to create excludability in electricity than in defense)
 
(We'll come back to the smuggled-in assumption you have made here.)

The "free-rider" problem greatly weakens the defense system, as defence is expensive, and therefore incentives not to pay are considerable. This results in ever more "free-riding", and a fundamentally unstable defence system. The upshot of this is that may result in even two greater coercions: an enemy invasion, and possibly a draft to prevent it.

So your whole argument for using coercive force to support something you have decided is good and necessary is because "... that may result in even two greater coercions..." You are advocating the government expropriation of its citizens funds to prevent something that may happen. THAT IS THEFT!

Now the smuggled-in assumptions. You are treating defence as though it were a consumable commodity, like electric power. If there are more people using electricity, an increase in the supply of electricity is required. If more people are being defended, no increase in the supply of defence is required. It is not the number of people being defended that determines the cost of defence. They do not factor in at all. The cost of defence is determined by the level and nature of potential threats, the level of technology available, and the duration and level of any actual defensive action. If the population of the US should double tomorrow, the cost of defending them would be no greater than defending the present number of people.

If three, and only three, very wealthy people in the country decide they would like the government to defend them by defending the country against possible invasion or attack and are willing to pay for it, the fact that the entire population of the country will also be protected (whether they want to be or not) does not cost those three one penny more than it would if they were the only three in the whole country. Neither those three or any statist economist, or anyone who has swallowed their garbage can morally call those who are defended without any choice in the matter "free-riders."

You, like all statists assume that coercion is a necessity in the affairs of men. Objectivists totally reject that assumption. Objectivist reject all initiation of force as immoral, wether used by individuals or states. You are right about one thing, what you are offering is a, "lesser of two evils," argument.

Yours is a con game. You offer no positive value at all, only a nebulous threat of evil. In your mind and in your words, the choice is, face the threat of force by some possible unknown outside power or accept your more modest threat of force. "See, Tony, it's like this. Pay the protection, we'll protect you from the syndicate." Did you, by chance, go to school in Sicily?

Regi




Post 69

Thursday, May 6, 2004 - 12:48amSanction this postReply
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Nice post, Regi.

Though, I think, if the population of the US were to double, the cost of defense would not be the same, but be significantly less.  There would be more potential recruits for the armed forces, so the military would have to spend less on recruitment.  There would be more economies of scale in the civilian sector, so the military could get a number of goods it needs at cheaper prices.  And mostly, there would be more civilians with guns.  The difficulty of defending a city of a particular size is pretty constant regardless of population, the difficulty of occupying a city, I would think, is proportional to the population.  So any invading army would need to be a lot larger if it wanted to take and hold territory, and if we had a much smaller, defensive military, we could allow an enemy to take some part of the country, if we had to, and the attrition suffered by the invader due to insurgency would be twice as high.  I have a feeling that if America were ever invaded we would have a lot of insurgent snipers, and twice the population would be twice the snipers and twice the friction on enemy troop movements!


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Post 70

Thursday, May 6, 2004 - 2:36amSanction this postReply
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To think that there have recently been folk wanting to banish the likes of the utilitarian Mr Barnes. Mr Landauer has surpassed himself in debunking poor Daniel. And Regi's "Sicily" remark cracked me up - something I thought the frequently anal Mr Firehammer would never do. I say, celebrate the ultilitarians, mystics & whatever who come on here to do battle - watching their being demolished is delicious for a veteran like me, &, I don't doubt, highly instructive & efficacious for newbies with inclinations to wobbliness.

Linz

Post 71

Thursday, May 6, 2004 - 10:23amSanction this postReply
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Linz:

if someone wants to ban mr barnes, this banning thing has been taken too far. I meant it very specifically in reference to certain people whose responses are so vapid-- and at times insulting -- as to be borderline troll material. I love the arguments this place sets up and would love to see them continue.

Post 72

Thursday, May 6, 2004 - 12:50pmSanction this postReply
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Jeff,

You, "think, if the population of the US were to double, the cost of defense would not be the same, but be significantly less."

Yes, I do too, of course. It was just an illustration. I did not want to make it too difficult for him.

Thanks for the nice comment.

Regi 

(Edited by Reginald Firehammer on 5/06, 12:52pm)


Post 73

Thursday, May 6, 2004 - 10:27pmSanction this postReply
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Well, recess is over…and what do I return to find?

Everyone’s forgotten their lessons already. So we’ll leave the rivetting issue of the difference between SoloHq and national defence for now – apparently such a difficult distinction that Mr Landauer is still unable to fathom it even after a couple of days – and we’ll stick to revisions.

The arguments presented by Landauer and Firehammer are so bad it’s hard to know where to begin. I suppose just the key points will have to do, though the possibilities are endless.

Jeff, you have accepted that “free-riders” exist, and that in order to maintain an adequate level of defence you will have to bear their costs. Your solution is simply that you would like to pay for them – from the goodness of your heart.

While I suppose here the *act *of decision itself is voluntary; but this will be cold consolation for you, as almost nothing else about your solution is. Because if you want to maintain adequate defense, you don’t get to choose how many others you pay for – this is out of your hands, and is set entirely by the whims of the “free-riders” as they opt in or out of paying. Could be 3%, 30%, whatever. It’s up to them, not you. Either that, or the level of your defence is set by them in a similar fashion. Take your pick, but both options are about as *involuntary* as it gets.

But let us leave the daftness of his practical case aside and move to the daftness of his moral case. For, if potentially unlimited sacrifice or whimsical defence levels are his thing I suppose that’s his choice. But they are not my thing, so he will have to explain why, if I want to maintain an adequate defense force, that it is morally right that *I* end up involuntarily compelled to pay for as many “free-riders” as feel like riding too!

Explain away.

Now to Firehammer, who is in even worse shape than Mr Landauer, if that is possible.

Regi’s fallacies blossoms like some fantastic plant. His latest gem is that taxpaying recipients of national defense don’t actually want it! It's the principle, apparently - because their own defence being *forced* upon them, poor lambs! Given opinion polls on defence I suppose this idea might raise a slight chuckle; but it gets truly hilarious when we imagine what happens when Regi and Jeff’s voluntary scheme actually gets implemented! For – shock, horror – the poor creatures will still have the same nasty national defence system – as no-one can be excluded from it – oppressing them!! Only now it is cost-FREE! – at least to them, if not poor Regi and Jeff. Of course, we can now expect all these dissatisfied pacifist freeloaders to up and leave anyway just on principle...Yeah right!!. And of course, we would never expect additional freeloaders to swarm into the country to have their own defence paid for by our generous twosome...

(In fact, one can far more clearly imagine the put-upon payers getting fed up, packing up, and leaving the free loaders to it!!!)

The only thing Regi has demonstrated here is - like so many other basic principles it seems - that he doesn't understand principle of non-exclusion in defence (he probably doesn't understand it applies in rule of law too, for example). But so much for his latest blunder. We will now return to an old favourite:

Regi:
>Without granting there really is such a thing as a "free-rider," no system creates any kind of people.

You keep claiming, on and on, that there is no such thing as the "free-rider" problem. But when, I wonder, will you ever come up with an argument to demonstrate this? After all, your last attempt ended in a logical and arithmetical disaster. Would you like to admit this and try again? Or do you stand by your original attempt? Do you think it still succeeds? Because even Jeff doesn’t – he's agreed that my counter-demonstration is true.

Which is it, Regi? Don’t be shy now - I might think you're ducking the question!

And if you want to play the pedant, rather than confront arguments, fine. Change it to “ …system will permit free-riding” if you like.

Regi:
>Theft is expropriating someone else's property against their will. It is usually done by stealth, deception, or threat of force.

I want to contribute to national defence, but I do not want to pay for the defence of freeloaders. If I want to contribute to my national defence under your system, “free riders” will take my money against my will. If you don’t believe this, could you explain how they are *not* doing so? And, if they are, as I believe you will be forced to admit (unless you cling to your mathematical howler), then how is this *not* theft?

Please explain.

Regi:
>Yours is a con game. You offer no positive value at all, only a nebulous threat of evil. In your mind and in your words, the choice is, face the threat of force by some possible unknown outside power or accept your more modest threat of force. "See, Tony, it's like this. Pay the protection, we'll protect you from the syndicate." Did you, by chance, go to school in Sicily?

Regi’s illogic reaches fever pitch here. Somehow he thinks that the threat of foreign attack is only ever “nebulous”, and doesn’t stack up next to the utter horror of a small compulsory tax to make its prevention more effective – not to mention more just, in terms of who pays for benefits received. His Mafia allusions only confirm that he believes the outside threats are phoney – remember, the Mafia protection racket depended on the Mafia *inventing* the threats in the first place, not an outside party. So if his analogy is to hold – or perhaps he does not actually know how a protection racket works? - he must believe that the necessity for government defence is purely created by the government, and that there is no real threat from outside. If that is so, why not get rid of a national government defence force entirely and obviate the need for any contribution whatever?

Either that or his analogy – like everything else in his argument, from his math on down – is utter, complete and gloriously inept bunk.

- Daniel




Post 74

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 5:41amSanction this postReply
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But they are not my thing, so he will have to explain why, if I want to maintain an adequate defense force, that it is morally right that *I* end up involuntarily compelled to pay for as many “free-riders” as feel like riding too!

Explain away.
How is it morally right that you force others to pay for a defense, in which they might not agree? What if these 'free-riders', as you call them, decide to force YOU to help pay for their support of the invading army? (Again, the hypothetical invasion of Northern Ireland from the south.)

This is really the fundamental question. But the draft is far more horrendous than this because you steal the lives of young men from them, put them into slavery, and put them in serious mortal risk, for a cause in which they may not agree. What right have you to the lives of these people? Or are you simply talking about taxing the entire populace for your personal desires?

Craig


Post 75

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 6:02amSanction this postReply
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Daniel, Jeff,

I might think you're ducking the question!
 
I was convinced you were really interested in the truth and could think. You evidently have the impression I give a damn about your impression of me.

It appears we both have been greatly mistaken.

Regi 






Post 76

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 2:01pmSanction this postReply
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"adaquate defense force" -- that phrase says it all. Adaquate by whose standards? Either it's up to each and every individual to determine what sort of defense they want and to what extent they want to support it, or it's up to the fatally conceited socialists to decide what's adaquate and extort it from the rest of us at the point of a gun. It's quite simple. I don't know how many times we have to make this point, but it doesn't matter. Mr. Socialist ignores it and repeats his fallacy over and over again, and then proclaims that he's won and we're all wrong. Over and over again. So this waste of time is what is supposed to be enlightening us by suffering it? I doubt anyone is reading this thread anymore, it's so pointless.

Post 77

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 4:16pmSanction this postReply
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I wrote:
>>For, if potentially unlimited sacrifice or whimsical defence levels are (Jeff's) thing I suppose that’s his choice. But they are not my thing, so he will have to explain why, if I want to maintain an adequate defense force, that it is morally right that *I* end up involuntarily compelled to pay for as many “free-riders” as feel like riding too! Explain away.

Craig then asked me:
>How is it morally right that you force others to pay for a defense, in which they might not agree?

Well, the usual response to this is: I asked you first! So far Jeff has declined to answer, and has tried to change the subject. Perhaps you would like to tackle it on his behalf while we wait? I'm sure you will be doing him a favour.

Of course, I will not decline to answer your question anyway, as fully as I can.The basic problem is, as my various posts point out, that unlike most goods people get national defence whether they like it or not. This non-excludability principle is, as I mentioned, a very basic one that Firehammer for one doesn't appear to understand. (This principle is also fundamental for rule of law, in that one cannot decide to exclude themselves from that either. Andrew Bissel appears not to know this either [Post 45, para 3 of his response to me]). So you must first understand that they must be subject to national defence by the government *whether they agree or not*. And indeed, this is the whole point of having a minarchist political system in the first place (the alternative is an anarchist defence policy), and national defense is a legitimate role for that mini state under Objectivism.

So, if we're clear on that basic principle, we can then discuss the next issue which is how to pay for it, as indeed someone must! As there is no mechanism (like a "defence ticket", say ) to ensure *payers only* get receive the benefit of their efforts, those payers are *forced to pay for any and everyone who doesn't want to pay*. Either that, or they are *forced to accept lower levels of defense*. I pointed this out very simply in post 61:

"..Let's take Regi's example, which I've already debunked, and take it further. Let's say the number of "free riders" goes from 3% to 6% - all voluntary decisions - though the outside threat level remains the same. As a payer you are now compelled to:
1) Increase your donations to cover the gap
2) Accept a commensurately lower level of defence"

So it becomes not a choice between force and non-force, but between *the free riders forcing you to pay* or *you forcing them to pay*. Further, I believe it is morally far more supportable for you to make them pay for the benefit they receive - and they will still receive it *whether they agree or not*, even Landauer and Firehammer's fantasy land - than for them to make *me* pay for it, as I have no wish to support a bunch of freeloaders with my productive efforts. If Jeff does, so what?

So, as I have said, there is no counsel of perfection here, but instead a choice between what turns out to be a barely an evil at all - getting people to pay for what they benefit from - and to me the far greater evil of having them steal my money or undermine my defence.

- Daniel










Post 78

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 5:01pmSanction this postReply
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Daniel wrote:
>>I might think you're ducking the question!
 
Regi:
>I was convinced you were really interested in the truth and could think. You evidently have the impression I give a damn about your impression of me. It appears we both have been greatly mistaken.

Well, at least now I *know* you're ducking! And, once again, I am eternally grateful for simple maths, before which even the most determined crank must fall silent. For it turns out that Regi, for all his confident dismissals of various "statist economic illusions" can't even add up! And no matter which way he works his numbers, he cannot find a way of making his proposal stand, and must simply scurry from the field thowing a cat-call behind him.

By any standards, an decisive result.

Jeff writes:
>"adaquate defense force" -- that phrase says it all. Adaquate by whose standards? Either it's up to each and every individual to determine what sort of defense they want and to what extent they want to support it, or it's up to the fatally conceited socialists to decide what's adaquate and extort it from the rest of us at the point of a gun.

Jeff, will you get around to answering my direct questions at some point, instead of changing the subject or hoping for people to stop reading this thread? I'm feeling you too are about to pull a Regi on me and disappear in a sulk.

While I am here, I might as well close off this line of argument for you, as it only further proves my point anyway. Because Jeff, as you accept the "free rider" problem exists, and works as per my math, you must then admit that under your system the standards of defense are not set by you at all, but *by the number of people who decide to free ride* or how hard you are capable of working to maintain them - and of course, their numbers may very easily exceed your capabilities, leaving your very poorly defended whether you like it or not!

So it turns out the level of defence under your system is hardly matter of individual choice at all - or at least, *not yours*!

(Incidentally there are other arguments here that would be equally decisive against your idea that you have absolute individual choice over the levels of defence required, the most straightforward being simply *the level of external threat*! Plus I confess it is hard to imagine an actual political mechanism that might respond to your individual preferences as a "defence consumer", as we cannot have *competing national defence systems*.[Have you forgotten the government has sole right to the use of force?] I could go on, but these two additional points alone are more than enough)

- Daniel








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Post 79

Friday, May 7, 2004 - 10:19pmSanction this postReply
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Post 15: Mr. Barnes describes the free rider fallacy and asks if anyone can explain how a voluntarily financed military can exist, given this perceived problem

Post 16: Eric J Tower explains how a voluntarily financed military can exist, despite the supposed problem, even providing a link to the Objectivism 101 article on the topic (which I wrote, BTW)

Post 18: Mr. Barnes ignores the majority of the points made in post 16, picks a nit, and insinuates that his fallacy is still unanswered.

Post 19: Byron Garcia explains that the free rider fallacy is not a problem, because people will pay what they will pay, and "I don't think they even give a rat's ass ... a rationally egoistic person would not care what everyone else is doing anyway." This is the Objectivist position summed up nicely. (The funny thing is, I didn't notice this nice turn of phrase before I used the exact same one! I guess the issue really is pretty clear to everyone but befuddled socialists.)

Post 20: Mr. Barnes ignores the refutations of his fallacy, pretends to respond to another issue, then explains that coercion is necessary because of his fallacy.

Post 22: Eric J. Tower explains that Objectivists are about individualism and we don't care about aggregate 'good', which is what the socialists are always on about.

Post 23: Mr. Barnes says that he's not being utilitarian, he's only concerned with minimizing coercion. Still ignoring the fact that people have responded to his fallacy and he's ignored them.

Post 24: Eric J. Tower says that the ends do not justify the means. That you do not fight coercion with coercion.

Post 28: Mr. Barnes says that asking if the ends justify the means is meaningless, which he demonstrates by turning the question around in a nonsensical and unsupported way. He labels a perceived potential effect as a means, and seems to think he's being profound.

Post 31: Eric J. Tower explains the error. "Your argument is justifying the means with the ends in Altruist fashion"

Post 32: Mr. Barnes completely ignores the lesson, and continues to equivocate a perceived potential effect with a means. He then again asks: "1) Why would it be in your rational self-interest to pay for the defence of other people who don't themselves want to pay?" which was answered in post 19 - Objectivists don't care about who is benefiting as a second-order effect of our actions. And some other questions that contain implicit contradictions, but are answered later.

Post 34: Eric J Tower again explains how volunteer financing would work and answers the questions from 32.

Post 35: Mr. Barnes is still concerned about paying for other people. He's very jealous, and can't stand that others may benefit. He says that Eric J. Tower wants to sacrifice the greater good for the freedoms of the few. (Sound familiar?) He again says we can never be free from coercion, and explains the "paradox of freedom".

Post 36: Andrew Bissel explains the fallacy imbedded in the so-called "paradox of freedom".

Post 39: I explain that the free rider fallacy is basically the same as the "prudent predator problem". According to the free rider fallacy, people will not pay because it's in their interests not to, which falls into the same trap, equivocating money with interests. I give a link to Joe's article about how life is not about how much stuff you have. I point out that the issue is not one of minimizing coercion, as Mr. Barnes would have it, but that coercion destroys value. Every bit of coercion, in any form, is a destruction of value. (A standard tenet of Objectivism.)

Post 41: Mr. Barnes is very indignant and shocked, for he did not invent this problem, it is in every economics textbook, and that, no, he's not here to trick people. He's genuine and honest. He then says that the issue is solely "whether you would like to subsidize the defense of people who do not themselves want to contribute" -- that jealousy thing again.

Post 44: I accidentally repeat Byron Garcia's post 19, but that's OK, because clearly Mr. Barnes didn't read it. (unfortunately he won't read this one either.) I then point out that jealousy is not a virtue, and that it is up to each individual to decide how they want to spend their money, not up to a socialist bureaucrat who would minimize coercion for out own good by coercing us.

Post 47: Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes pretends that jealousy has nothing to do with it, and then re-emphasizes that all he cares about is the horrible thing of subsidizing other people who don't deserve subsidizing.

Post 48: Craig Hayne points out that of course Mr. Barnes argument is resting on jealousy.

Post 49: Mr. Barnes begrudgingly accepts the charge of jealousy in the third-person. He then restates his fallacy, with a more clear assumption that there is only one level of defense spending that's acceptable, and that if other people stop paying, you will then have to pay more, and again states that we must minimize coercion, ignoring posts 16, 19, 34, 39, and 44.

Post 50: I give an analogy about how Objectivists don't care about others benefiting from 2nd order effects of our actions, and that since I as an individual choose what actions to take, I have no right to force people who benefit from my actions to pay me money.

Post 51: Mr. Barnes makes a different, similar analogy, that takes as an implicit premise that there is only one level of spending that's appropriate, and it's up to the government bureaucrats to extort the money to pay what's required for the level of spending. Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes then states that I now know that his fallacy is a difficult problem (it's not), that I accept it (I don't), and that my proposal is to "put up with it", even though I have never conceded that "it" exists. He calls all my arguments "weak hand-waving", and asks for an apology, though he has not answered a thing that I, Eric J. Tower, or Byron Garcia has said!

Post 52: I point out that Mr. Barnes counter-analogy is false because of his assumption that there is only one level of funding that's acceptable, and that each person should spend their money how they want, and to try to force them to spend their money on what you want requires you to shoot anyone who won't go along.

Post 54: Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes pretends that in New Zealand, people don't have to pay taxes, and that the power to tax is not the power to destroy.

Post 55: Reginald Firehammer agrees with me, points out to Daniel (again) that his argument is based on jealousy, and points out that "free-riders" cost us nothing.

Post 56: Reginald Firehammer nicely gives Mr. Barnes the name of an author who refutes this fallacy that Mr. Barnes holds so dear.

Post 58: Mr. Barnes states that the free rider fallacy is "the basis of *all commerce*". Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes then equates individuals spending their money how they choose to letting people steal. He then confuses opportunity costs with costs, and says that there, the costs are staring you in the face.

Post 59: Craig Haynie points out the errors in the above.

Post 61: Mr. Barnes says that free riders "take my my[sic] defence contributions". He then ignores post 59 and again equates free riding with stealing, evading the fact that benefiting from a second-order effect is quite different from taking another’s property. He then says that if another person decided to stop doing something, from which you were benefiting from its 2nd order effects, you will be worst off.

Post 64: I agree that if another person decides to stop doing something from which I was benefiting from the 2nd order effects I will be worse off, but that doesn't justify forcing the other person to keep doing what they were doing. I then point to several institutions in reality that refute the free rider fallacy, because honest and genuine Mr. Barnes was ignoring posts 15, 16, 19, 22, 24, 34, 39, 44, 48, 52, 55 & 56, and I thought maybe if I was just a little bit clearer, he might listen.

Post 65: Because I agreed that we can be worse off if someone stops dong something that had beneficial 2nd order effects, honest and genuine Mr. Barnes gleefully states that I've accepted his argument as true. Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes then denies that he has advocated killing people who don't want to pay for what the fatally conceited have determined that they pay, evading again that the power to tax is the power to destroy. Somehow, he plans on coercing people to do what he says without harming them. He then takes my examples from real life that refute his fallacy and then for some reason asks us why they don't refute his fallacy. Apparently he needs help in his argument.

Post 66: Mr. Barnes repeats himself at length, ignoring what everyone else has said.

Post 67: I quote extensively from honest and genuine Mr. Barnes' past posts where he has advocated using coercion against people, and put it up to his quote where he essentially claims that he hasn't advocated using coercion. Perhaps here I was assuming that the link between coercion and the willingness to shoot people was obvious. In hindsight, I guess I was giving Mr. Barnes too much credit. In this case, it was probably less an issue of dishonesty and more an issue of stupidity or ignorance. For that, I apologize.

Post 68: Reginald Firehammer points out more problems with the free rider fallacy and compares Mr. Barnes' proposals to mafia extortion.

Post 70: Lindsay for some reason thinks that the last 69 posts have been interesting.

Post 73: Mr. Barnes affects to be a school teacher. Apparently we've forgotten his lessons. Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes claims that I have admitted that to maintain an adequate level of defense, I will have to bear the costs of free-riders!!! He goes on to talk about "adequate defense" some more, and asks if we will ever come up with an argument against the free rider fallacy!!! Honest and genuine Mr. Barnes must not have seen posts 16, 19, 22, 34, 39, 44 & all the rest, but if he's responding without reading anything we write, what's the point? Maybe he will just keep ignoring all the arguments we make, without pointing out why he thinks they fail, until we make one that he will buy or at least see.

Post 74: Craig Hayne explicitly asks Mr. Barnes where he gets off wanting to coerce other people for his ends.

Post 76: I point out that a defense force can only be "adequate" or not to an individual. Mr. Barnes is using the phrase "adequate defense" as a socialist would and in a way that only socialists would agree with. Apparently he doesn't realize that this is an Objectivist web site.

Post 77: More of the same garbage and lies from Mr. Barnes, and a return to the minimization of coercion principle. He claims that he's asked us to refute his theory and that we've refused. He calls shooting anyone that doesn't agree with him what's "adequate" to be "barely an evil at all".

Post 78: Mr. Barnes declares victory, with "a decisive result". He says that I won't answer his direct questions. If you do a find for "?", you will see that honest and genuine Mr. Barnes has asked me five questions in this whole discussion. Three have been thoroughly answered, one was rhetorical, and the other was beside the point, relating to his "all trade is based upon the free-rider problem" premise.

1) "I take it that means you are fine with it then. Is there a particular limit at which you would *not* want to, or are you happy to subsidize others to the limit that you can afford?" If he thinks that, "Who give's a rat's ass", is not an answer, then I can't help him. As has been pointed out multiple times, Objectivists don't care if other people are benefiting from our side effects, because we do not see jealousy as a virtue.

2) "What has jealousy to do with the topic at hand?" This has been thoroughly answered.

3) "why keep going on?" Because I'm passionate and practicing my Wm. L. Garrison.

4) Do they force people to pay taxes in the States? This has been answered, and Mr. Barnes is no longer claiming that he's not arguing for shooting people who disagree with his chosen adequate level, so he must realize at least that I've answered this one.

5) "Isn't what generally happens *in real life* is you get your part of the overall cost confiscated - just as your housepainter would do to you if you got him to paint your house, but didn't feel like paying?" Of course, with a housepainter, you agree on the price at the beginning. If you don't pay, you are in breach of contract. This can not be equated with a level of defense many people may not want or want to pay for.

-----

You know, I would be willing to grant the premise that these evading dissenters provide some value. To take this thread for example, it was interesting through post 19. There were some points raised and discussed, then along comes Mr. Barnes, who asks a genuine-sounding question, which is then immediately answered by two different people in posts 16 and 19. He then ignores them, and Spams the thread over and over and over again, not adding any value; not saying anything new or interesting; declaring victory and his superiority the whole way. I can't imagine many people have found it interesting or have read it past about post 32, where it becomes more than clear that this guy has nothing to offer. I agree that, in principle, argument and debate is good, but when you have ridiculous threads like this and others that are poisoned by trolls, it destroys the potential for Objectivists discussing with Objectivists, which is the entire point of this website. If we weren't so passionate about what we hold dear, then we could just ignore senseless posts by the likes of Mr. Barnes, give them a non-sanction, and discuss something interesting. But A is A.


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